Me pēhea e tautokona ai te Whare Tiaki BRT i te Hōnea Kātata Rangahau

Te Mārama ki ngā Hāpua Wiri Tiriti BRT me tōna Tūranga ki ngā Rere Tiriti Marika

He aha te Hāpua Wiri Tiriti BRT, me pēhea e ū ana ki ngā Kono Nehe Kotahitanga o te Tāone

Ko ngā hāpua wiri tiriti BRT he hanganga motuhake i hoahoaia kia taea ai te whakauru i ngā rōpū nui kaiwhakawātea, kaua ko te herenga kore i ngā wāhi marika o te tāone. He aha te mea e wehe ana i ēnei mai i ngā wāhi tuuturu wira noa? E tiaki ana i te ua me te ra, e whakaatu ana i te wā e tata ana ngā wira mā ngā ekaran matihiko, ā, kei kona ngā nohonga pai e taea ai te noho maha i ngā wā piki kaha. E whakaputangia ana e ngā tāone ēnei hāpua i ngā ara wira motuhake e hono ana ki ngā wāhi taketake pērā i ngā urunga rererangi, ngā wāhi hire waka rerere, me ngā whare toihau e tata ana. Kātahi ka iti ake te rereketanga o ngā waka, nā te mea e māma ana te huri i waenganui i ngā momo waka e neke ai. Ko te tikanga whakauru kia kotahi me te kitea pai ake e whakarahi ana i te arataki, ā, e wātea ana ngā wā haere tūpono e nui ana te take mō te neke haere māmā i ngā tāone nui.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Whakapapa e Taua ai ngā Pūnaha BRT Ewe

Ko ngā pūnaha BRT e mahi pai ana e whai ana ki ngā āhuatanga matua e whā e tautokona ana e ngā rūma:

• Ngā ara takitahi kia taea te weto i ngā kōngenge huarahi
• Te Kohikohi Tāpara I waho o te Vaka kia iti ake ngā wā pā ki te vaka
• Te Pā ki te Rangiwhenua mō te whakauru mā ngā karui taraweti me ngā pouaka horoihi
• Ngā rūma me ngā parirau 15–20 mita kia taea te whakahaere i ngā raina i te wā piki

Kua whakātea e ngā tāone pēnei i Istanbul me Bogotá ngā wā tatari i te 40% mā te whakauru i ngā rūma tiakina ki te matapihi tohu rerehua mōhio, me ngā punaha hono aunoa, ka pupuri i ngā tere toharite i raro i te 25 km/h āno he wā tōmuri tonu.

Te Hononga I Waenganui I Ngā Rūma Tiakina BRT Kua Hoahoa Pai Me Te Whakapiki Haerenga

I whakaatu te rangahau mai i te tau 2023 mō te pānga o te huarahi e mahi ana ai te hororangi tūmatanui ki ngā puranga tarakihana, ā, i kitea he mea hou. Ina kei ngā puranga nei ngā mata paparorohiko e whai mōhiohio hou ana, ā, i hangaia kia taea ai ngā āhuatanga rerehua rereke, ka nui ake te toronga tarakihana e whakamahia ana e te iwi. I ngā tāone i kāwai katoa ai te Tarakihana Poto Tere (Bus Rapid Transit), i kitea he itinga tekau mā rua ōrau ki te tekau mā waru ōrau ake ngā manuhiri e whakamahi ana i ēnei puranga kaupapa hou. Ko te noho o ēnei pouaka wātea i hanga kia pai ake e kimihia ana e te iwi ko te ratonga e noho pumau ana, ā, ka whakawātea i a rātou i ō rātou motukā. Ko te pā ki te taumata teitei ina kei raro i te 800 mita te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā pouaka wātea e rua i ngā wāhi e noho ana te iwi tahi ana hoki ngā whare haumi. E ai ki ngā ripoi mai i ngā tari rererangi maha o te motu, mō ia tāra e whakaputangia ana hei whakanui ake i te mārama ki ngā takotoranga, ā, hei whakawhanuitia ai te urupare ki te katoa, ka hua ake anō pea te toronga e toru tāra e rua tekau rau anō te uara i te roanga o te wā. Ka tino pakari tēnei pā ki te wā e pakari ana te mārama, ā, ka iti ake te whakapīkorenga o te iwi mō ngā take haumaru ina taea e rātou te kite i te aha e happening ana i a rātou e tatari ana mō te tarakihana.

Ngā Kaupapa Matua mō ngā Whare Tatau BRT e mahi ai ngātahatia me te whakauru

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Hoahoa: Te Tūranga, Te Momo Rawa, me te Whai Mārama ki te Rere o ngā Kaipuke

Ko ngā whare tatau BRT pai ka hoahoaia ki ngā rere o te karikari taiea me ngā hiahia i te wā pikinga. Ko ngā mea e hāngai ana ka taea te pupuri i waenganui i te 20 ki te 50 tangata kia kaua e tino kīia, mā te whakauru me ngā wāhi unu ki ia taha, tae atu ki ngā wāhi tuunga ki te taumata marae. Āwhina ngā tohu me ngā rama i ngā tāngata kia kitea te ara mai i te rua tika atu ki ō rātou noho, e penapena ana i te wā e noho ana ngā tāngata ki ngā wāhi whakarērea, e 18% pea, ā, kua kitea tēnei i te punanga TransJakarta i Jakarta e ai ki ngā tauākī matua o te ao. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga hiranga ko te hanga takirua, nā reira kāore he mea ka pakaru e te tāone ina heke mai tētahi hui nui, i te piki haere hoki o te ira tangata, kia whānuitia ai te wāhi mō ngā kaipuke hou.

Te Whakauru Whānui me te Whakamahere Tautoko i te Hoahoa Whare Tatau BRT

Ko ngā wharetiaki BRT pai mō te katoa he mea nui ngā ara takotoria kia āwhina ai i te haere haumaru, ngā karanga oro mō ērā e hiahiatia ana, me te wāhi nui i waenganui i ngā tapanga mō ngā karuhi, tētahi 36 ki te 48 iniha pea te tino pai. Ko ngā tāone e arataki ana i ēnei aratohu whakaurunga, ka kitea ko te tau e 23 ōrite ake pea ngā kaipāpāti harikoa ki te rapunga rerekee i ngā wāhi e noho ana te iti rawa atu. Kāore anō te whai whakaaro ki ngā taunakitanga. Me tū i waenganui i te 17 ki te 19 iniha te maunga o ngā tuanui, me ngā ringaringa āwhina, me te papa e mau ai te waewae ahakoa inu ana te wai, ā, ko ngā ekari mata digital? Me tū i te taumata kanohi mō ngā tāngata tuā, ākene pea kei te 48 iniha te mea tino pai. Ēnei takotoranga iti ka rerekē tonu te take ki te hanga wāhi tāpoi tūmatanui e whakauru ana i te katoa.

Wharetiaki Whakarahi me te Arataki Whakautu Āhuarangi mō ngā Rohe Tāone Kotahi

Ko te takotoranga o ngā taurapa parahi kōhatu me ngā papahuri polikaraponei hoki e mahi tūturu ana ki te whakapumau i ngā wā pumau, ā, koia nei anō pea ngā āhuatanga huarere tino makariri mai i te -22 nekeneke Fahrehana ake ki te 120 nekeneke. Hei tauira, ko te rerekētanga tere a Phoenix kua whakauruhia ēnei parapara rā solar ki ō rātou whare noho ka hua pea i te toru tekau ōrau o te hiko e hiahiatia ana mō te mārama. Anō hoki, he pāpāwai motuhake ngā papahuri taha e āwhina ana i te nuinga o te hau ki roto i ngā whare noho, kaitepeka ai i te wārangi o roto e tekau mā rua ngā nekeneke Fahrehana i ngā ahiahi raumati tino wera. Ko te mea pai ki tēnei tūhuratanga katoa ko te māmā o te whakarerekē i muri ake. Ka taea e ngā tāone te tāpiri atu i ngā pūnaha kohinga wai ua, i ngā wāhi tūhura hiko EV rānei ina tae mai ngā kaupapa hou mō te tūmanako i te whakaturanga tāone.

Te Tākarotanga Strategik me te Whakauru Rerekētanga o ngā Whare Noho BRT

Te Whakapai ake i ngā Wāhi o ngā Whare Noho hei Whakapai ake i te Whiwhi Ki te Rerekētanga

Ko te wāhi e takotoria ana ngā whare noho BRT he mea nui te tauira wāhi, arā pea ko te raru o te tūwāhi e kapi ana i te nuinga, e whai ana kia kitea te wāhi pai rawa atu i waenganui i te wāhi e hiahiatia ai te kaipuke me te utu mō te hanga i ēnei whare noho katoa. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mō te pikinga o te taupua (e 400 mita pea) mai i ngā wāhi taketake pērā i ngā whare whakahaere, ngā hōhipera, me ngā kura, ka piki ake te maha o ngā kaipoke - e te 34% pea e ai ki tētahi rangahau nā Frade me Ribeiro i te 2015. Ko ngā tāone e whakauru nei i ēnei punanga e mōhio ana ki ngā raraunga mō te haerenga haumanu mā ngā taputapu matapae, ka whakaritea kia kaua ia ngā whare noho e noho noa ana engari e hono ana tika ki ngā ara haumanu, ngā huarahi taihoa, me ētahi atu huarahi whakawhitinga-ā-rohe e hui ana ki te huinga matua BRT.

Te Tōporetanga i te Whakaurunga: Te Hononga i ngā Hapori Kāore i Te Tonoa ki te Puna Whakawhitinga

Ina arotake ana ngā tāone ki te hanga whare noho i ngā hapori rawakore me ngā wāhi i te waenganui i ngā tau, ka whai wāhi rātou ki te aronga ki ngā rohe kore eke ki te waka, ā, ka āwhina i te tangata ki te piki ake i te āhua o te oranga. I tētahi rangahau i te tau 2020 mō ngā punaha wakaereere pahū e hāngai ana ki te tika, i kitea he mea hou: ina hangaia ngā takotoranga i ngā kāinga e hiahiatia ana ia, ka piki te nui o ngā kaipokepoko pea 22% i muri i te 18 marama anō, nā te mea kāore anō hiahiatia kia haere peka 15 meneti te roa ki te hopu i te wakaereere. Tīkangia a Los Angeles hei tauira i ēnei rā. Kua whakatau te tāone ki te whakaputangia i te toru hauwhe o ō rātou moni BRT mō ngā whare noho mō ngā rohe e iti nei ngā tāngata e īnohi ana i te motukā. He tika tēnā, nā te mea ko ērā anō ngā wāhi e huringa tonu ai te oranga mō te whakauru pai ki ngā whare noho.

Te Whakauru i ngā Whare Noho BRT ki ngā Kaupapa Whakawhitinga Waka me ngā Kaupapa Whakamahinga Whenua

Ko ngā punaha BRT huinga e hui ana i te wāhi o ngā whare noho me ngā kaupapa here whenua me ngā pokapoka maha-ara. Hei tauira:

Ko tēnei ara e iti ana i ngā herehere tuarangi, i te wā e whai wāhi ana ngā takotoranga ki ngā koridori rāwekenga tāone kua tohua ki ngā mahere matua ā-takiwā.

Ngā Hua Painga Whakahaere o ngā Takotoranga Tiriti BRT Hōu

Te Whakaiti i ngā Wā Noe mā te Pikitia Arataki me te Kohikohi Tāpoi I waho i te Arataki

Kua kite te punaha BRT hōtoke i ngā ara ki te iti ake i ngā wā kore e pai ana, ina nui atu pea ngā panoni matua e rua: ina taea e te tangata te piki ki te marae me te utu mua i te taripitonga i mua i te pikinga ki te karaihe. Ina kāore he tapawhā kei waenganui i te wāhi noho ana te tangata me te takotoranga o te karaihe anō, ka iti ake te wā pikinga mai i te 40% e ai ki ētahi rangahau nō Ponemon i te 2023. A, me pānui tā tātou utu mō ngā haerenga i te tuarā ki waho i te karaihe. Ka iti ake tēnei panoni maama i te wā e noho ana ia manuhiri ki ngā wāhi e tu ana ki te 15 hēkona anake. Ko te tere penei tēnei e ū ana ki te tere e kitea ana i ngā punaha rere-raini taupua. Ki ēnei whanaketanga, ka taea e ngā huarahi BRT te whakauru ake i te 15 miriona manuhiri ia hāora kaore he tangata e mahaki ana ki ngā turanga. Whāinga tēnei ki ngā whatunga karaihe tawhito, ka hōhonu ake te BRT i te 30% atu i te tatauranga o te ira tangata.

Ngā Pūnaha Mōhio-Ā-Wā-TūTATAU me ngā Aratohu Hiko e Whakanuinga ai i te Wheako Kaiwhakamahi

Ko ngā tirohanga matihiko e uru ana i te hangarau GPS e hoatu ana mōhio ki ngā kaipoirotia mō te wā e tū ai ngā karere, e whakaatu ana i ngā huarahi kē atu mēnā e hiahiatia ana, me te whai mōhio mō te wātea o ngā nohoanga ki roto i te waka. E ai ki te rangahau a UITP i te tau 2021, ko tēnei momo mōhio e iti rawa ana te whakapōkai haere a te kaipoirotia, e te 72% neke atu rānei. Ka haere anō pea ētahi pūnaha horoiwhenua mā te hono i ō rātou tirohanga ki ngā tono pūkoro kia taea e ngā kaipoirotia te whakarite haerenga e hāngai ana ki ō rātou hiahia motuhake. Anō he nui ngā takutai e āhua ana i ngā paparahi tāpoi ramaumaru tahi ana ki ngā wāhi whakauru Wi-Fi kore utu. Me kaua hoki te wareware i ngā wharepuni smart e mahi ana ngā kaiwhakamātau e whakarerekē aunoa i te rama me te wāhi noho e hāngai ana ki ngā tikanga āhuarangi. I tētahi rangahau hou i te tau 2023, i te nuinga o te tangata i te whakatau i tō rātou wheako katoa he pai ake tino i ēnei wharepuni āhuatanga tūmatanui tērā i ngā wharepuni tawhito e kore nei manukanuka i ēnei āhuatanga, me te pikinga o te harikoa e te 34% neke atu rānei.

Te Tātai i te Utu ki te Oranga: He Uaua ngā Wharepuni BRT Matua, He Uaua te Uoko?

Ko ngā raraunga mai i ngā tāone e ono e whakaatu ana ko te wā tuarangi mō ngā wharetiaki BRT aki kua tae mai i roto i te 4–7 tau trū ngā penapena hiko me te whakāhua ake i te whakamahinga o te hororākau. Kua hoki mai te 92% o ngā utu i ngā tāone pērā i Bogotá trū ngā moni hokohoko mai i ngā tirohanga matihiko i roto i te rima tau (ITDP 2023).